Exploring the Health Effects of Artificial Sweeteners: Part 3

    Over the past three weeks, we have delved into the realm of sugar substitutes, particularly artificial sweeteners like acesulfame potassium, advantame, aspartame, cyclamate, neotame, saccharin, steviol glycosides, and sucralose. By now, it is clear that these substances do not aid in weight control or reduce the risk of diabetes compared to sugar consumption. However, what may come as a shock is that individuals who opt for these sweeteners instead of sugar may face a higher risk of heart disease and cardiovascular issues.

    In other words, substituting regular sugar with artificial sweeteners does not provide the disease-prevention benefits we might expect. Nevertheless, the author emphasizes that these artificial sweeteners can be utilized to decrease the amount of sugar and energy we consume.

    This week, we will delve into two additional topics concerning the health effects of regular artificial sweetener users: the likelihood of developing cancer and the risk of premature birth.

    According to a research report from the World Health Organization (WHO), individuals who regularly consume artificial sweeteners, particularly saccharin or saccharine, have a slightly increased risk of bladder cancer. However, it is important to note that artificial sugar itself is not classified as a carcinogen. The research data primarily stems from past studies, making it challenging to ascertain all the cancer risk factors associated with artificial sweetener usage versus those who do not use them.

    Saccharin or saccharine is a synthetic sweetener that is approximately 300-700 times sweeter than sugar. It is commonly found in preserved fruit, compote, and other preserved foods.

    Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that the Thai Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prohibits the use of this substance in beverages. Unfortunately, due to its low cost, some unscrupulous food producers may use it to reduce expenses. Therefore, to minimize the risk of bladder cancer, it is advisable to avoid consuming excessively sweet foods from unreliable manufacturers.

    Another significant concern is the association between sweeteners and premature birth. The WHO report indicates that sweetener consumption slightly elevates the risk of premature birth.

    Although not specifically mentioned as a sweetener, expecting mothers with gestational diabetes who use sweeteners instead of sugar should exercise extra caution.

    The key takeaway from the WHO report on sugar substitutes is that there are no shortcuts to good health. Instead, we must act in accordance with the knowledge instilled in us from childhood: consuming food from all five food groups in appropriate proportions, reducing sweetness (not solely sugar reduction), moderating salt and oil intake, and engaging in regular exercise. Additionally, regular health check-ups to screen for chronic non-communicable diseases become increasingly important as we age. If illness arises, it is crucial to adhere strictly to the prescribed medications and follow the doctor's instructions.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nattada Areepiam and Asst. Prof. Dr. Bodin Tiwasuwan

Faculty of Pharmacy Chulalongkorn University