Last week, we discussed the various types of pain encountered in daily life. This week, we will explore the types of painkillers used to alleviate these symptoms.
There are two common types of painkillers. The first, familiar to many, is Paracetamol (also known as Acetaminophen). It is a basic analgesic and antipyretic drug that is easily accessible. Paracetamol is safe for those who are not allergic to it. When used at the recommended dosage, it can relieve mild to moderate pain, such as headaches, toothaches, mild muscle pain, and fever.
However, the most critical precaution is: Do not exceed the maximum daily dosage. generally, adults should not exceed 4,000 milligrams per day (equivalent to no more than 8 tablets of 500 mg). Do not take the medication continuously for a long period. If symptoms do not improve within 3-5 days, you should consult a doctor.
Taking even a slightly excessive dose continuously, or taking Paracetamol while consuming alcohol regularly, increases the risk of acute liver failure.
The second group of painkillers is Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Examples include Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac, and Celecoxib. These drugs provide pain relief, reduce fever, and reduce inflammation simultaneously. Therefore, they are highly effective for treating pain accompanied by inflammation, such as joint pain, muscle injuries, rheumatoid arthritis, or menstrual cramps.
Important precautions for NSAIDs include their effect on the gastrointestinal tract, which can cause stomach pain, burning sensations, or potentially stomach ulcers and bleeding. Thus, they should be taken immediately after meals to reduce irritation. NSAIDs also affect the kidneys and heart. Elderly individuals and patients with kidney disease, high blood pressure, or ischemic heart disease must use them with caution. It is strongly emphasized not to buy NSAIDs for self-medication without advice. Furthermore, these drugs must not be used with anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin) or low-dose Aspirin. Always consult a doctor or pharmacist before use, as incorrect usage increases the risk of bleeding.
Guidelines for Safe Use: To use painkillers effectively without harming yourself, please follow these recommendations:
- Read the label and follow instructions strictly. Do not exceed the prescribed dosage or frequency.
- Avoid duplicate medication. Check the ingredients of any medicine you are about to take to see if it contains the same drug or hidden painkillers. For example, some cold medicines contain Paracetamol, which could lead to an overdose.
- Inform your pharmacist or doctor of your health information every time. This includes underlying conditions such as liver disease, kidney disease, gastritis, or high blood pressure, as well as current medications, to avoid side effects and drug interactions.
- Observe for allergic reactions and side effects. If you experience a rash, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, or abnormal gastrointestinal symptoms like dark black stools (indicating stomach bleeding), seek medical attention immediately.
