Discovering Medicinal Insights with Chula Pharmacy: A Guide to Using Anti-Stress Medications

    Stress is an undeniable part of many people's lives, but its impact varies widely. While some individuals experience occasional stress, others grapple with chronic and overwhelming stressors. Fortunately, there are diverse methods to alleviate stress, including exercise, prayer, worship, and assisting those in need.

    Yet, for those whose stress levels remain persistently high and elusive to resolution, the causes can be diverse. Some have carried stress from childhood, stemming from academic pressures or social teasing, to the point where it affects their desire to attend school. Adults also contend with stress, whether due to work-related demands or the absence of employment. Family matters, relationships, financial concerns, politics, and even weather conditions can further contribute to stress.

    According to the 2019-2020 Thai health survey, approximately 2.9 percent of individuals aged 15 and older resorted to antidepressants or regular sleeping pills to cope with their stress.

    To better comprehend stress, let's first define it as a response to threatening events that manifests physically, mentally, and intellectually in individuals.

    It's important to note that stress can serve a beneficial purpose, such as heightened alertness and preparation to manage unexpected situations. However, excessive or prolonged stress without effective coping mechanisms can lead to detrimental effects, including symptoms like insomnia, panic, anxiety, and depression.

    When stress significantly disrupts daily life, the use of antidepressants becomes an option. These medications fall under the category of psychotropic substances, and individuals experiencing severe stress should consult a doctor for prescription guidance.

    Among the various anti-anxiety drug groups, benzodiazepines are often the preferred initial choice due to their effectiveness. Examples include lorazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam, and diazepam. However, these drugs carry several side effects, such as central nervous system depression, drowsiness, confusion, forgetfulness, and altered dream patterns. Some patients may experience slowed bodily responses, speech, or breathing, along with side effects like hypotension and nausea.

    For this reason, doctors often recommend taking antidepressants before bedtime and advise against alcohol consumption while on medication, as it can intensify sedation. Stress-relief medications are typically intended for short-term use, providing patients with time to rest and recover from the stressors they face. It's essential to be aware that addiction is a potential concern, as patients may begin to feel dependent on the medication to manage their stress.

    Noteworthy precautions and prohibitions regarding antidepressant usage include potential allergies, respiratory conditions (as these drugs can depress breathing), elderly individuals, and those with impaired liver or kidney function. In such cases, medication dosage may require adjustment to align with organ function.

    Patients using other medications should also ensure there are no adverse interactions with antidepressants, especially with painkillers or other antidepressants. Consulting a pharmacist before concurrent medication usage can prevent potential risks.

    In summary, when an individual's ability to cope with overwhelming stress diminishes, short-term medication use may be necessary. Antidepressants, particularly benzodiazepines, are commonly prescribed to alleviate excessive anxiety and stress-induced symptoms like insomnia. However, due to their potential for addiction and side effects, medical supervision is crucial. Most importantly, individuals should strive to manage stress through relaxation techniques, exercise, reduced caffeine intake, and avoidance of alcohol and addictive substances, as these can exacerbate stress's adverse effects on the body.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nattada Areepiam and Asst. Prof. Dr. Bodin Tiwasuwan

Faculty of Pharmacy Chulalongkorn University