Stay Safe from PM2.5 with Chula Pharmacy

    Over the past 4–5 years, Bangkok and many parts of Thailand have been grappling with worsening air pollution. PM2.5—fine particulate matter measuring no more than 2.5 micrometers—has become a growing concern, with heightened awareness in the last couple of years about its health risks.

    As we step into early 2025, PM2.5 levels in Bangkok and surrounding areas continue to exceed safety standards, posing serious health risks, particularly for individuals with respiratory or heart conditions. While government measures—such as banning open-air burning, regulating vehicle emissions, and encouraging public transportation—are in place, air pollution remains a persistent issue. This makes personal protection essential.

    The Impact of PM2.5 on Health

    PM2.5 is an extremely fine toxic dust that can penetrate deep into the lungs, reaching the alveoli and even entering the bloodstream. Prolonged exposure can lead to both short- and long-term health issues:

Short-Term Effects:

    - Respiratory issues – Coughing, sneezing, sore throat, breathing difficulties, eye irritation

    - Cardiovascular symptoms – Irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, increased heart attack risk

    - Skin and allergies – Dry skin, rashes, worsening allergic reactions

Long-Term Risks:

    - Chronic lung diseases, including lung cancer

    - Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease

    - Neurological conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's

    - Developmental delays and premature births in infants and pregnant women

    How to Protect Yourself

To minimize exposure and reduce the effects of PM2.5, consider the following precautions:

    - Reduce pollution – Use public transport, avoid open burning, and plant more trees to improve air quality.

    - Monitor air quality – Use mobile apps to check PM2.5 levels in your area.

    - Stay indoors – Avoid outdoor activities when pollution levels are high.

    - Wear protective masks – Use N95 or PM2.5-filtering masks when going outside.

    - Improve indoor air quality – Use air purifiers capable of filtering fine particulate matter.

    Medications for PM2.5-Related Symptoms

If you experience symptoms due to PM2.5 exposure, certain medications may help:

    - For allergies – Antihistamines like loratadine, cetirizine, or fexofenadine can relieve nasal congestion, runny nose, and itchy eyes.

    - For asthma or chronic respiratory conditions – Bronchodilators and inhalers can help ease breathing difficulties, but they should only be used under medical supervision.

    - For colds and coughs – Paracetamol can reduce fever, dextromethorphan can help with dry coughs, and guaifenesin can assist with clearing phlegm.

    ⚠ Always consult a doctor or pharmacist before taking any medication. Self-medication can be risky.

    Supporting Your Health

Beyond medication, maintaining overall health is crucial:

    - Stay hydrated** and get enough rest.

    - Eat a balanced diet** rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants from colorful fruits and vegetables.

    - Consider herbal remedies** but seek professional advice, as some herbs may interact with medications.

Collective Action Against PM2.5

    PM2.5 is a serious environmental hazard, particularly for individuals with pre-existing conditions. While protecting yourself is crucial, reducing air pollution at the community level is equally important. By working together to improve air quality, we can lessen the impact of PM2.5 and enhance public health and well-being.

    Stay informed. Stay protected. Let’s fight air pollution together!

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nattada Areepiam and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bodin Tiwasuwan

Faculty of Pharmacy Chulalongkorn University