Stay Informed About Drugs with Chula Pharmacists: The Risks of Excessive Vitamin D Intake

    Good health is a universal aspiration. Maintaining it requires a balanced diet, regular exercise, and periodic checkups. In today’s fast-paced world, many people turn to vitamins and supplements, particularly in an era saturated with self-proclaimed "gurus" on social media. One frequently asked question is whether supplements like **vitamin D** are necessary beyond a balanced diet.

The Importance of Vitamin D

    Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for bone and teeth health, regulating calcium and phosphorus levels, and supporting immune function. The body naturally produces vitamin D through sunlight exposure, and it is also found in foods like liver, egg yolks, and fish (e.g., carp, tuna, and sardines).

    Despite this, many people—especially those avoiding sunlight or with insufficient diets—are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. This includes the elderly, indoor workers, breastfeeding women, and individuals with chronic diseases or impaired kidney and liver function.

Signs and Risks of Vitamin D Deficiency

    Vitamin D deficiency often lacks clear symptoms but may present as fatigue, muscle pain, joint discomfort, reduced bone density, or even depression. The most accurate way to detect a deficiency is through a blood test, often recommended by a doctor if symptoms or health concerns arise.

Supplementing Vitamin D Safely

    Vitamin D supplementation should be based on individual needs, determined by a doctor. Over-supplementation is dangerous as excess vitamin D accumulates in the body, potentially leading to:

    - High blood calcium levels: Causing nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, and frequent urination.

    - Kidney strain: Prolonged use of high doses can increase the risk of kidney stones and, in severe cases, kidney failure.

The recommended daily intake of vitamin D varies by age:

    - Infants (0-12 months): 400 IU

    - Children and adults: 600 IU

    - Pregnant and lactating women: 600 IU

    - Elderly: 800 IU

Individuals with underlying health conditions should always consult a doctor before starting supplements.

Preventing Vitamin D Deficiency

    To maintain adequate vitamin D levels:

    1. Expose yourself to gentle sunlight for 10-15 minutes daily.

    2. Consume vitamin D-rich foods.

    When supplementation is necessary, drug forms are preferred over dietary supplements due to stricter quality controls. Doctors may prescribe specific types of vitamin D depending on individual health needs, particularly for patients with liver or kidney issues.

A Word of Caution

    Vitamin D is vital for overall health, especially for bone strength and immune support. However, it must be taken responsibly and under medical supervision. High doses or inappropriate use can lead to severe health risks. Always consult a doctor or pharmacist to ensure safe and effective use.

    Stay informed and prioritize your health by making informed choices about supplements.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nattada Areepiam and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bodin Tiwasuwan

Faculty of Pharmacy Chulalongkorn University