Understanding Acid-Reducing Drugs and Cancer Risk with Chula Pharmacists

    A common question arises: Do acid-reducing drugs increase cancer risk? Some sources suggest that prolonged use of these medications may be linked to stomach cancer, raising concerns among patients. However, it’s important not to jump to conclusions or panic.

    First, digestive issues such as stomach aches, bloating, and indigestion are common complaints. These can often be managed with medications like antacids, carminatives, and digestive aids. Among these, antacids are frequently used and come in various forms, including tablets and liquids, with active ingredients like sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide.

    Another popular group of acid-reducing medications is Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs), including drugs like omeprazole, esomeprazole, and pantoprazole. PPIs work by reducing stomach acid production, providing relief for conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stomach ulcers.

    For many, gastrointestinal issues such as acid reflux and ulcers are recurring problems influenced by lifestyle and dietary habits. While PPIs are effective for symptom relief, recent research suggests a possible link between long-term PPI use and cancer risk. However, this risk mainly concerns those using PPIs daily for extended periods (over 1-3 years), with a higher risk observed beyond five years of continuous use. Importantly, this data is not yet conclusive.

    Patients should know that untreated conditions like ulcers, chronic inflammation, and H. pylori infection can independently increase the risk of stomach cancer. The increased risk noted in some studies may be influenced by patient lifestyle factors rather than PPI use alone.

    When PPIs are needed for extended periods, it’s essential to assess the necessity and discontinue use when symptoms are controlled. For patients using PPIs under medical supervision—for example, to manage irritation from medications like NSAIDs or steroids—there is no cause for immediate concern.

    Understanding that gastritis and reflux often stem from daily habits can help manage symptoms. Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding large meals before bed, limiting fatty or spicy foods, and reducing caffeine, alcohol, and smoking, can protect the digestive lining and lessen reliance on medications.

    If you experience persistent symptoms, consult a healthcare provider before self-medicating, as thorough diagnosis may require endoscopic evaluation. For questions about your medications, reach out to the Drug Information Center at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Chulalongkorn University, via Line @guruya.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nattada Areepiam and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bodin Tiwasuwan

Faculty of Pharmacy Chulalongkorn University