Understanding Paracetamol: What You Need to Know

Even if you say you don’t know much about medicine, you probably know paracetamol and have likely taken it before.

What is Paracetamol?

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen in the US and Canada, is a medication used to reduce fever and relieve general pain. If you travel to the US, you might not find “paracetamol” labeled, but you will find “acetaminophen” instead.

Dosage and Usage

In Thailand, paracetamol typically comes in 500 mg tablets. The appropriate dose depends on body weight:

• Adults under 50 kg: 1 tablet (500 mg) per dose
• Adults over 50 kg: 1.5 tablets (750 mg) per dose
• Adults over 70 kg: up to 2 tablets per dose

If symptoms persist, doses may be repeated every 4–6 hours.

How to Take Paracetamol

Paracetamol can be taken at any time, with or without food. When taken correctly at recommended doses, side effects are uncommon, and stomach irritation is rare.

Allergic Reactions

Some people may be allergic to paracetamol, experiencing symptoms such as rash or difficulty breathing. If these occur, stop taking the medicine immediately and seek medical attention. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have a known allergy to paracetamol to avoid accidental use in other medications containing it.

Important Precautions

• Do not exceed the maximum daily dose: 4,000 mg (8 tablets) for adults, or 3,000 mg for those under 50 kg.
• Do not use continuously for more than 5 days without consulting a doctor.
• Paracetamol can cause liver damage if taken in excess or for long periods.
• People with severe liver impairment should avoid paracetamol.
• If symptoms do not improve, see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Alcohol Consumption Warning

Regular alcohol drinkers are at higher risk of liver toxicity from paracetamol and should use it cautiously, ideally under medical or pharmacist guidance.

Forms and Packaging

Paracetamol comes in various forms including round and oval tablets. The shape may affect ease of swallowing. For personal or family use, buying blister packs is more convenient and prevents excess stockpiling.

Liquid forms are available in clear syrup or suspension with various flavors. Careful label reading is important to avoid overdose, especially for children.

Advice for Caregivers

If children have difficulty taking medicine, consult a pharmacist to find suitable flavors and formulations that help children take it easily.

Summary

Paracetamol is a common medicine found in many homes and easily accessible. Understanding its proper use is crucial for safety. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your local pharmacist or the Drug Information Center at Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences via LINE @guruya for reliable advice.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Natthada Areepian, RPh Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bodin Tiwsoowan, RPh Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University