Explore the realm of medical insights with Chula Pharmacy: Addressing Diarrhea and Summer Health Concerns.

    While Songkran festivities may have concluded, the scorching temperatures persist, promising to linger until the heavier rains arrive, ushering in relief from the relentless heat.

    Last week, our discussion centered on heatstroke. Today, let's delve into the topic of diarrhea, a common affliction during the summer months. The sweltering weather creates an environment conducive to food spoilage and microbial contamination, leading to the ingestion of tainted food and subsequent bouts of diarrhea.

    Contrary to common belief, diarrhea is not solely characterized by watery stools. Rather, it is defined as the passage of more than three stools within a day. Typically, it resolves on its own within 2-3 days for individuals in good health.

    The primary cause of diarrhea is the consumption of contaminated food or beverages, harboring bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Additionally, certain dietary irritants, such as spicy or acidic foods, laxative-like substances, or lactose intolerance, can trigger symptoms. Moreover, medications like antacids, antibiotics, or constipation remedies may also induce diarrhea.

    For most healthy individuals, diarrhea subsides within a few days with adequate hydration and mineral replenishment. However, if accompanied by fever, abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting, seeking advice from a pharmacist for symptomatic relief is advisable.

    Travelers and those with pressing commitments often seek medications to halt bowel movements. Loperamide is a widely available option, with a recommended initial dosage of two 2-milligram capsules, followed by 1 capsule every 4 hours as needed. However, caution is warranted as it may lead to constipation and hinder the body's natural pathogen elimination process.

    Activated charcoal, another popular remedy, absorbs toxins but may also interfere with the absorption of other medications if taken simultaneously. Hence, careful timing of intake is crucial to ensure efficacy.

    In summary, addressing diarrhea entails replenishing fluids and electrolytes lost during episodes. Severe symptoms warrant prompt medical attention, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nattada Areepiam and Asst. Prof. Dr. Bodin Tiwasuwan

Faculty of Pharmacy Chulalongkorn University