Learn About Medications with Chula Pharmacists: Using Anti-Anxiety Drugs Safely and Effectively

    Last week, we discussed stress and ways to manage it. A common concern among individuals who require anti-anxiety medication is whether these drugs could cause short- or long-term harm. This week, we’ll explore anti-anxiety medications in more detail to help you better understand their use and precautions.

Always Consult a Medical Professional

    Anti-anxiety medications must be prescribed by a licensed physician or psychiatrist. If you're feeling overwhelmed and think medication might help, it's essential to consult a doctor first. They will evaluate your condition, determine whether medication is needed, and select the most appropriate treatment based on your health history—ensuring there are no contraindications.

Different Types, Different Cautions

    Anti-anxiety drugs come in several categories, each with specific precautions. For instance, benzodiazepines should not be used by individuals with a history of substance abuse, muscle weakness, sleep apnea, or serious liver problems. They are also not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women.

    Another group used to treat anxiety includes antidepressants, particularly SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors). While effective, these medications also have limitations. Some should not be used by pregnant women, those with liver or kidney issues, abnormal ECGs, or glaucoma.

    If you're currently taking medication and reading this raises concerns, do not stop your medication on your own. Always speak with your doctor before making any changes. Rest assured that if your medication was prescribed by a doctor and you're attending follow-up appointments regularly, your treatment is being properly monitored.

Risks of Self-Medication

    Some anti-anxiety drugs can be purchased from pharmacies, but self-medicating is risky. Even if you’ve previously been prescribed a certain medication, your condition or health status may have changed. Always follow up with your doctor to reassess your treatment plan.

Treatment Duration Varies

    The length of treatment with anti-anxiety medication differs for each person. It could last for months or even years, depending on the severity of symptoms. Many people stop taking their medication as soon as they feel better, but this can cause symptoms to return—often more intensely. Doctors will gradually taper off medications when it's time to stop, to minimize withdrawal effects.

Guidelines for Safe Use of Anti-Anxiety Medications:

    Take medication exactly as prescribed. Do not adjust the dose, skip doses, or stop the medication without your doctor's approval. If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one—never double up.

Monitor for side effects.

    Common side effects may include nausea, drowsiness, or palpitations. Many side effects lessen over time or can be managed by adjusting the dosage schedule. Always report new or concerning symptoms to your doctor or pharmacist.

Do not abruptly stop taking the medication.

    Whether you run out of medication or start feeling better, stopping suddenly can reduce the effectiveness of treatment and trigger withdrawal symptoms.

Never share medications.

    Do not take someone else’s medicine or let anyone else take yours. What works for one person may be harmful to another—especially individuals with heart conditions or other underlying issues.

Attend all scheduled medical appointments.

    Regular check-ins help your doctor monitor the effectiveness of your treatment and make adjustments as needed.

Inform your doctor about other medications.

    If you're prescribed additional drugs for any other condition, let your doctor or pharmacist know to prevent harmful interactions.

Avoid alcohol and hazardous activities.

    Alcohol can interfere with anti-anxiety medications. If the drug causes drowsiness, do not drive or operate heavy machinery.

    Using anti-anxiety medication safely requires a strong partnership between you and your healthcare provider. With proper care, these medications can be an effective tool for managing stress and anxiety—helping you lead a healthier and more balanced life.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nattada Areepiam and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bodin Tiwasuwan

Faculty of Pharmacy Chulalongkorn University